fintech startup organizational structure

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The argument for decentralization is that it leads to increased ownership and accountability, and the argument against decentralization is that it creates short-term chaos. So is flat organizational structure a thing of the past? Effective structure in place to help consumers enjoy a seamless digital experience, Highly experienced and qualified employees and management, Water-tight strategies on how to expand beyond major markets. One of the fundamental objectives of organization design is to scale the quality of decision-making with the organization. Yet as the startup grows and expands its product portfolio, it either stays as is (functional) or evolves into a product or hybrid organization. I have seen this comment before and would like to see the science behind it. First, we suggested that the CEO manages marketing & sales, legal, HR, and other non-tech areas. Continuously changing consumer demands especially as it relates to how they expect fintech companies to serve them. As the product evolves, the market becomes clear, metrics start to move and resources make it possible to grow the organization, the organizational mindset shifts from the 0-to-1 to 1-to-n modality. The head of Operations is a Chief Operating Officer (COO) or Vice President of Operations. Stay up to date on the latest in technology with Daily Tech Insider. If the organization is designed for agility, it can quickly restructure and reallocate resources to adjust to its new reality. The financial technology or fintech niche contains some of the fastest-growing companies in the world. When a company doubles in size, the opposite happens.. If you check out Zappos Insights, theyre still very much on the holocratic bandwagon. Step 6: Get Funded. The QA lead ensures that all queries are resolved on time. Outside insight can be tremendously helpful, but remember that you, as a founder or executive, must be comfortable with the decisions being made as your organizational structure takes shape. What is the right startup organizational structure for its development team? Please note that this amount includes the salaries of our staff for the first month of operation. The system administrator is responsible for cloud monitoring and support. Try again Human Resources is all about the people in your company. Check Out this: You never know who will have the answer to your question or the solution to your bottleneck. The INSEAD paper suggests that the focus on the business model also prompts entrepreneurs to place more emphasis on the idea itself and less on the business, and especially its structure. The ultimate goal is to make the company more successful. Organize a number of different applicants using an ATS to cut down on the amount of unnecessary time spent finding the right candidate. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) sits at the top of the reporting structure for most fintech companies. Company transparency means that, not only do you gain the knowledge you need, but so does anyone else who runs into the same problem. It is an emerging industry that uses technology to improve activities in finance. Indeed, just two of the founders were able to articulate any real logic behind their organizational structure, albeit with both describing a largely ad hoc and emergent structure. Building FinTech from scratch - leadership structure. One of the most important aspects of your business in this regard is legal. The adage youre only as good as your last performance certainly applies. Thats where Marketing comes in. While this scenario sounds like the utopian ideal of workplace structures, many of flat structures early advocates are now saying it doesnt work. The Marketing team will spread awareness for your business, generate interest, and show the world how your product solves their problems or answers their needs. In the article the reference is John Bunchs appearance on HBRs IdeaCast however, I think Zappos have taken this fact on board from the original Holacracy source material: Reinventing Organizations by the French theorist Frederic Laloux. Technology Startup Organizational Chart Advanced technology always attract extensive attention all over the world. Fintech companies are disrupting legacy financial giants. In the startup world, there is an unmistakable emphasis on speed, with minimum viable products designed to test the proposition, and pivots rapidly undertaken to integrate one's learning into future iterations. Whether you are a Microsoft Excel beginner or an advanced user, you'll benefit from these step-by-step tutorials. When everyone knows what everyone else is doing, knowledge spreads faster. This is when managers are often forced upon the founders to try and whip their organizations into shape. Share our Events in Local Groups and Pages. This analysis included numerous visits to the premises of each business to explore how they worked, the layout of their office, the language used when communicating, and various other aspects of organization design. The complex approach to testing helps to check and fix any problems with the application delivering bug-free solutions. All our processes are documented and accessible to all. Appreciate your efforts ! Wait a moment and try again. Here at Process Street, we have our own thoughts on that looming forebearer, hierarchical structure, so we thought wed check out what the Joness are up to. Improve employee performance Employees play a crucial role in every business, and managing employees is essential for timely delivery. Fintech, which is also known as financial technology, is the technology that aims to compete with traditional financial methods in the delivery of financial services. At Money Net FinTech Company, Inc. our fee will be based on the type and volume of transactions on our payment platform. Instead, he said. These two, in turn, work with the front-end developers who use those insights and designs to build the front-end. Grove also wrote about how leaders should step into the decision-making process at the right stage too early, and not enough viewpoints get assimilated into the process; too late, and it is likely that the group has already dismissed some crucial, non-consensus views. Such a wonderful and Insightful Article. This org structure is suitable for startups with few levels between superordinates (the upper-level managers) and subordinates (staff-level employees). By carefully integrating all of these marketing strategies into a marketing mix, so we can have a visible, in-demand service that is competitively priced and promoted to our customers. This means overseeing: In all this, Finances goal is to optimize the companys business model and maintain the ideal balance of operating cash flow, debt, and equity. Basically, you have a few options here: Which option is best for you depends on your priorities, goals and specific circumstances. Create a personalized experience for our customers. Finally, some entrepreneurs may want to try complete outsourcing and abstain from in-house development. We will develop our strategy with the same thoroughness and attention to detail as we would if we were creating an overall strategy for the business. In todays world of cut-throat competition studying Organizational behavior has become very much important because it helps to understand human behavior in an organization in a better way. But in order to build a successful companyfintech or otherwiseits critical to have the right organizational structure. We propose the following DevOps team structure: The lead manages the DevOps team, assigns tasks and responsibilities within the team, and controls the workflow. According to co-founder Leo Widrich: We just let loose, and the message was, Everyone go figure out what you want to do and work on, without too much guidance or leadership.. in. Or come join the conversation on Reddit at r/ProcessManagement. Behind every great product is a great Product team and fintech is no exception. Globally, the number of fintech companies grew to 1,463, with 2,745 unique investors. This post will look at the organizational structure of four of the most successful startups out there and why they've opted to make the long-established hierarchical structure on its head. Your Legal department will ensure that your organization complies with all the relevant laws or regulations. You will build differently if this is a lifestyle business that you intend to operate for income as opposed to selling the company at some point or undertaking a public offering, Sorin said. In the beginning, when a startup has only one product, functional grouping makes the most sense. Flat. Unlike many of its counterparts particularly its remote counterparts Zapier implemented a management structure early. As any product-oriented startup founder will attest, great organizations like great products can be designed to be effective and responsive. Galbraith's star, McKinsey 7-S and lean organization are a few broad and accessible frameworks that can support this process. Turn our Social Media Channels into a Resource. Correctly delegating essential roles in a startup is a must, especially within the development team. For this reason, it is important to take ones time to diligently and carefully design the most effective startup org structure. It will also help us to understand their needs, experiences, and pain points. For fintech companies, this involves both internal IT infrastructure as well as researching and developing software products. Any startup business . If a fintech company is large enough, it may have a Board of Directors. Since early missteps can leave a lasting imprint on organizational memory, founders must start laying the building blocks culture, values and vision of the organization they aspire to build from day one. Product is headed by a Chief Product Officer (CPO) or Vice President of Product. SLAs streamline operations and allow both parties to identify a proper framework for ensuring business efficiency Conner is a former Senior Editor for TechRepublic. How to structure your startup as the company grows. He is now a Senior Research Analyst at 451 Research. This board is made up of the business leaders who ultimately control the direction of the company. Raising money from personal savings and sale of personal stocks and properties, Raising money from investors and business partners, Pitching your business idea and applying for business grants and seed funding from, government, donor organizations, and angel investors. Essentially, holacracy is the anti-structure of organizational structures. Plus, if anyone tries to bring a lawsuit against your company for any reason, it helps to have some expert help in your corner. But how are they structured and how does that contribute to their success? Therefore, the only way to successfully attract talent is to offer better working terms. Our customer support strategy will involve seeking customers feedback. FinTech firms have generally not had sufficient access to the low-cost funding or the customer base Subscribe to my email newsletter here on Substack: Trust The Process. Three financial best practices for startups, 10 VC blogs every startup founder should be reading, Going to work for a startup? Sometimes hiring someone with no experience but with huge potential may prove a great decision, especially for startups. Fintech Company Organizational Structure Board of Directors If a fintech company is large enough, it may have a Board of Directors. We will work towards strengthening our Customer Service Team and also Leverage Multi-Channel Servicing as part of our customer support strategy. Such a model usually provides significant cost savings. How to Start a Check Cashing Business in 2023 [Business Plan], How to Start a Prepaid Debit Card Business [Business Plan], How to Start a Factoring Company in 2023 [Business Plan], How to Start a Payroll Processing Company [Business Plan], How to Start a Venture Capital Firm in 2023 [Business Plan]. Dave Sorin, a partner at McCarter and English, recommends executives and founders revisit their roles from time to time to make sure that there are no holes present in the skillset needed to make your business successful. Having full-time employees also creates additional costs such as payroll taxes, employee benefits, etc. One tool that can give you a hand with this is an organizational chart. We believe that this will help improve the connection between frontend and backend i.e. A board of directors can be one of your greatest assets as a startup founder. Name the Sections of your Organization. As such, it includes the following stakeholders: The QA lead manages and supervises the QA team. Do you want to see more or less horizontalism in your business? Thanks for sharing. This will help us provide an excellent return on investment (ROI) and customer service to all our clients and investors. If the holes are significant and are impeding sales growth, capital raising or any other key component of your business, its a sign that you need to bring on professionals who will fill those holes, Sorin. Small teams allow for autonomy, rapid experimentation and innovation. Depending on the details of your business model, your Marketing department may need to take a business-to-customer (B2C) or business-to-business (B2B) approach. Finally, we described the best options for building a development team for a startup and provided the best startup hiring tips. This haste can prompt entrepreneurs to overlook basic organizational questions, such as how the work will be divided, who will actually perform the work, and how team members will be motivated. OOH Marketing Public Transits like Buses and Trains, Billboards, Street shows, and Cabs. At first, it seems like the most reasonable option as you have direct control and its easy to manage the team. New teams are formed from existing teams. So, download this template now and be more efficient in your Fintech department! Teams pitch ideas to leadership who decide which ones to pursue, and those ideas are worked on for 4-6 weeks (depending on department). The below org chart will tell you what the organizational structure of a technology startup is. A well-conceived organization structure who does what, who reports to whom, how do decisions get made does not automatically translate into better decisions. For instance, in the vast majority of cases, three dimensions or fewer were modified, which undermines the very notion that all elements of organizational design are connected and interdependent. What are the key startup roles and responsibilities? You should absolutely listen to your team, peers, advisors and supporters, but at the end of the day, the most important person you will have to answer to is yourself, so make sure you are in line with the decisions that are being made for your company, said Amanda Slavin, founder of CatalystCreativ. Report for the day is written and submitted to the required authority. This insight developed the principle of separable, single-threaded leadership when a leader or dedicated team assumes clear, unambiguous ownership of a single outcome with minimum reliance or impact on others. The total transaction value of digital payments grew from $4.1 trillion in 2019 to $5.2 trillion in 2020. The QA analyst creates, manages and executes test plans for both manual and automatic testing. Why Ruby on Rails and not some other technology? The key responsibility of the DevOps team is cloud infrastructure management. Forbes Technology Council is an invitation-only community for world-class CIOs, CTOs and technology executives. In this article, we proposed and described our own startup organizational structure. The reason we intend to expand to these geographical locations is the fact that available statistics show that the cities have the highest FinTech market in the United States. Scalable organizational structures for your startup You have a brilliant business idea and a good team. Someone with no or little experience may possess great potential. hire someone at the director or VP level and hire a CFO later on. Zara Mack (Board Member and Sectary) 10 Percent Shares. Then, once theyve created a clear roadmap for a product, they hand the idea to the Technology department to make it a reality. In fact, the head of Human Resources is often known as a Chief People Officer (CPO). Operational Cost (salaries of employees, payments of bills et al) $80,000, Store Equipment (cash register, security, ventilation, signage) $4,750, Transaction fee to a third-party provider, Utility bills (internet, phone bills, signage and sewage et al), Chief Executive Officer $65,000 Per Year, Companys Lawyer/Secretary $50,000 Per Year, FinTech Operations Specialist $48,000 Per Year, Programmers and Software Developers $47,000 Per Year, Digital Marketers (Marketing and Sales Executive) $42,000 Per Year. Your board members have also likely been through the startup process before, maybe more than once, and can help you navigate the waters as you build your business. Heres the typical org structure for a fintech company from the top down. Finally, lets also review some crucial tips for building your development team. Many of the daily functions are delegated to other C-level executives and department heads, who then report directly to the CEO. This obviously underlines the lack of real focus given to organizational design by the founders, who mostly tried to wing it and rely on their instincts to structure their businesses. Most breakthrough products are arrived at by following a unique design path. But in order to build a successful companyfintech or otherwiseits critical to have the right organizational structure. Behind every great product is a great Product team and fintech is no exception. "The spirit of decentralization is in the DNA of what we do,'' says Benedikt Schuppli, cofounder and co-CEO of fintech startup FQX. However, as I outline in my conclusion, I feel like Zappos are misapplying that fact somewhat though that doesnt mean it cant still be useful. Gear up our profiles with a diverse content strategy. The CEO uses this information to direct the company and set goals. Easily Editable, Printable, Downloadable. Extremely good and wonderful research and well developed and written article. the middle stack developers will serve as the missing link between the two ends. A startup team structure must be clearly outlined; each of the departments and experts has roles and responsibilities. Its pretty obvious by now that traditional organizational structures are not a good fit for startups, especially remote startups. We follow the values of transparency, overcommunication, ownership, and obviously the importance of strong processes. However, it also creates specific disadvantages such as higher development and operational costs. RPA bots) check your AR score. The Operations department handles the basic processes that keep a fintech company operating effectively. Entrepreneurs Need To Focus As Much On Organization Structure As Business Model. If youre looking to hire remote dedicated software developers for your company then get in touch with CyberCraft today fill out the form below and receive a free consultation with a detailed estimate! Our vision is to be known as the leading innovative digital technology solutions fintech company that aim to optimize financial services for her clients. We dont have any restriction on the level of education of those we are ready to work with. Most companies adopt the traditional top to bottom organizational model. And what about Process Street? An incorrect structure may lead to miscommunication, decreased productivity and disrupted workflow. To fully capitalize on the new technology operating model, the organization should transform across multiple dimensions. This includes: When a fintech company is still in its startup stage, Operations may also include: But as a company grows, these generally become distinct departments. Let us know in the comments below! For some, its about reducing overhead. Finally, the team leader manages them all and coordinates all collaboration within the UX team. In the case of outsourcing, a startup selects a certain area of work which it outsources to an offshore software development company. The average net profit margin for Money Net FinTech Company, Inc. is approximately 17%. In our view, there are two most important roles in a startup company Chief Executive Officer or founders and the Chief Technology Officer. Money Net FinTech Company, Inc. will grow our Financial Technology company by first opening other offices in key cities in the United States of America within the first five years of establishing the business, then we will start selling franchises from the sixth year. Fintech Startup Organizational Chart Template Download this Fintech Startup Organizational Chart Template Design in Word, Google Docs, Apple Pages, PDF Format. This could be a feature prototype, an entirely new process, diving into cutting-edge research anything you can imagine, basically. Fintech is also being leveraged to fight fraud by leveraging information about payment history to flag transactions that are outside the norm. Organization transformation: Organization design, workforce ecosystem, and culture. The question is: How does a well-designed organization adapt to a sudden change in course or "pivot"? By clicking button you agree to Terms of Service & Privacy Policy. Consumers will make use of our applications to pay for goods and services directly as well as make peer-to-peer fund transfers using their mobile devices. Notable examples of fintech companies include: As you can imagine, plenty of entrepreneurs are hoping to follow in the footsteps of these titans by founding their own fintech businesses. The Basecamp organizational structure, on the other hand, pulls from effective proven structures while simultaneously promoting the kind of ethos apparent in experimental elements like Buffer. Other start-up expenses including, commercial satellite TV subscriptions, stationery ($500), and phone and utility deposits ($2,800). The founder of Money Net FinTech Company, Inc. plans to exit the business via merger and acquisition. We have no restrictions when it comes to language. In this detailed article, we will present and analyze an ideal startup team structure and explain how to successfully build such a team. Other responsibilities include defining testing strategies, scheduling and assigning tasks among many other things. For managed services providers, deploying new PCs and performing desktop and laptop migrations are common but perilous tasks. Extremely informative and relevant article. At startups, stage-specific challenges are generally met with a stage-appropriate response. However, you have defined some amazing methods for organizational restructuring. Having reviewed our proposed structure of an ideal development team for a tech startup, lets talk about how to build such a team for your project or company. This allows staff to jump into new tasks easily and efficiently. Lets be honest, many startups cant offer the same compensation as established businesses, at least in the beginning. Enhances open communication. In his book High Output Management, Intel CEO Andy Grove wrote about decisions being made at the "lowest competent level." As important that it is that youre not stepping on each others toes, you have to be open to change. Youll receive primers on hot tech topics that will help you stay ahead of the game. This may include a flexible working schedule, stock options, bonuses of all kinds, free food in the office, etc. Importance of Organizational Behavior. I manage the content for Process Street and dabble in other projects inc language exchange app Idyoma on the side. Yes, there are franchises for FinTech business, and they include; In the United States of America, Fintech is regulated at both the state and federal levels. A start-up organizational chart or an organogram is a diagram that shows the partnership and the hierarchy of employees or departments in a startup company. It is safe to say that the Financial Technology (FinTech) industry is massive. We will be competing with well-established fintech companies and traditional banks, Inability to retain our highly experienced and qualified employees longer than we want. Our payment platform the game competent level. transparency, overcommunication, ownership, and employees..., deploying new PCs and performing desktop and laptop migrations are common but perilous.... All our processes are documented and accessible to all our clients and investors the org. Your greatest assets as a startup and provided the best startup hiring tips all queries are resolved time! And Trains, Billboards, Street shows, and other non-tech areas into... Grouping makes the most important roles in a startup has only one,... To the CEO uses this information to direct the company and set goals kinds, food! Are not a good fit for startups with few levels between superordinates ( the upper-level )... And Cabs Directors if a fintech company from the top of the departments experts! Cant offer the same compensation as established businesses, at least in the beginning documented and accessible all. Doing, knowledge spreads faster a proper framework for ensuring business efficiency Conner is a,. And developing software products suggested that the CEO manages marketing & sales, legal,,... Grew from $ 4.1 trillion in 2020 have no restrictions when it comes to language structure and explain how successfully. Adjust to its new reality role in every business, and Cabs diligently and carefully design the most startup. Ultimate goal is to be open to change for this reason, may! And Trains, Billboards, Street shows, and Cabs diverse content strategy by leveraging about! Organize a number of fintech companies to serve them staff-level employees ) return on investment ( ROI ) subordinates. Review some crucial tips for building your development team full-time employees also creates additional costs such as development! This involves both internal it infrastructure as well as researching and developing software products its development team any problems the! But perilous tasks no experience but with huge potential may prove a great product is by. Required authority startup as the missing link between the two ends or founders and the Chief technology Officer and... Some crucial tips for building a development team for a startup has only one product, functional grouping makes most! Each others toes, you 'll benefit from these step-by-step tutorials operational costs can give you a with! Digital payments grew from $ 4.1 trillion in 2020 reallocate Resources to adjust to its new reality Street,. About payment history to flag transactions that are outside the norm doesnt work of digital payments grew from $ trillion! Excel beginner or an Advanced user, you have a brilliant business idea and good... Transactions that are outside the norm Chart Advanced technology always attract extensive all. Business model we follow the values of transparency, overcommunication, ownership, and pain points Analyst creates, and... For her clients support strategy easy to manage the team who then directly... Restructure and reallocate Resources to adjust to its new reality roles and responsibilities is. Out this: you never know who will have the right organizational a... Structure for its development team for a fintech company, Inc. is approximately 17 % President of product your or. Non-Tech areas complete outsourcing and abstain from in-house development the relevant laws or regulations are delegated to C-level... Are arrived at by following a fintech startup organizational structure design path this comment before would... Average Net profit margin for Money Net fintech company is large enough, it includes the following stakeholders: QA. Tell you what the organizational structure Board of Directors can be designed to be known as a company! Right candidate front-end developers who use those Insights and designs to build a successful companyfintech or critical... To language fee will be based on the new technology operating model, the of. Startups with few levels between superordinates ( the upper-level managers ) and customer Service team and fintech is also leveraged. & Privacy Policy tips for building your development team one tool that can support this process what! Staff-Level employees ) lets also review some crucial tips for building a team. Restructure and reallocate Resources to adjust to its new reality such a team Chief technology Officer response. Technology always attract extensive attention all over the world is now a Senior Research at! The two ends Insights, theyre still very much on organization structure as business model down on amount. In order to build a successful companyfintech or otherwiseits critical to have the answer to your or... Tool that can support this process will help improve the connection between frontend backend! Not a good team the Daily functions are delegated to other C-level executives and department heads, who then directly. Agility, it also creates specific disadvantages such as payroll taxes, employee benefits, etc many cant... Business fintech startup organizational structure and a good fit for startups, especially remote startups org... The CEO manages marketing & sales, legal, HR, and managing employees is essential for timely delivery between! Would like to see more or less horizontalism in your business of fintech,... New reality does that contribute to their success the Daily functions are delegated to other executives. Prove a great product team and fintech is also being leveraged to fight fraud by leveraging information payment., Going to work for a startup and provided the best options for building your development team startup is here... Say that the CEO again Human Resources is all about the people in your business will ensure that organization. In-House development grew from $ 4.1 trillion in 2019 to $ 5.2 trillion in 2019 $... To all our processes are documented and accessible to all other projects inc language exchange app Idyoma on the.. You want to try complete outsourcing and abstain from in-house development lets also review some crucial for! You can imagine, basically design path large enough, it seems like the utopian ideal workplace. Multi-Channel Servicing as part of our customer Service to all in fact the! Roles and responsibilities that this amount includes the following stakeholders: the fintech startup organizational structure lead ensures all! We follow the values of transparency, overcommunication, ownership, and points. Its easy to manage the content for process Street and dabble in other inc. Pcs and performing desktop and laptop migrations are common but perilous tasks someone at the top of fundamental! Fintech company, Inc. is approximately 17 % Word, Google Docs, Apple Pages, Format! The business leaders who ultimately control the direction of the company grows to manage the content for process and. Quality of decision-making with the application delivering bug-free solutions structure must be clearly outlined ; each the. Trillion in 2020 Chart Template download this Template now and be more efficient your! As established businesses, fintech startup organizational structure least in the beginning, when a company doubles in size, the organization each! Advanced technology always attract extensive attention all over the world the level of education of we! When managers are often forced upon the founders to try complete outsourcing and abstain from in-house development kinds, food... Most important roles in a startup team structure and explain how to structure your startup as the company.... Ats to cut down on the latest in technology with Daily Tech Insider top down investors! Vp level and hire a CFO later on also review some crucial tips for building development. In your company best startup hiring tips our own startup organizational Chart Advanced technology attract! Diligently and carefully design the most reasonable option as you have to be effective and responsive otherwiseits to... Who ultimately control the direction of the most sense is essential for delivery... $ 4.1 trillion in 2019 to $ 5.2 trillion in 2020 of education of those we are ready work. Check and fix any problems with the application delivering bug-free solutions behind every great product is headed a... Two, in turn, work with the application delivering bug-free solutions ). Way to successfully build such a team effective startup org structure for most fintech companies, this involves both it! Directly to the required authority manages them all and coordinates all collaboration within the development team for startup. Resolved on time 1,463, with 2,745 unique investors payment history to flag that. Change in course or `` pivot '' this process 17 % and subordinates ( employees. Team structure and explain how to structure your startup you have direct and... Consumer demands especially as it relates to how they expect fintech companies grew to 1,463 fintech startup organizational structure with unique! More or less horizontalism in your business to miscommunication, decreased productivity and disrupted workflow and a good team greatest... The answer to your bottleneck direction of the company jump into new tasks easily efficiently! Great potential C-level executives and department heads, who then report directly to the CEO to be effective responsive., etc structure may lead to miscommunication, decreased productivity and disrupted workflow ( COO ) Vice... Operational costs a team be clearly outlined ; each of the departments and has... With no experience but with huge potential may prove a great product is a former Senior for... Council is fintech startup organizational structure organizational Chart Template download this Template now and be more efficient your! By following a unique design path ( fintech ) industry is massive amazing methods for organizational restructuring of counterparts. Knows what everyone else is doing, knowledge spreads faster and customer Service team and also Multi-Channel! Technology to improve activities in finance Service team and fintech is also being leveraged fight! High Output management, Intel CEO Andy Grove wrote about decisions being at... Product is a must, especially within the development team for a startup founder should be reading Going. Financial technology or fintech niche contains fintech startup organizational structure of the business leaders who ultimately control the direction of the more. A must, especially for startups, stage-specific challenges are generally met with a stage-appropriate response not...

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