Amin believes the man to have been an imposter, but he gives the evidence for both sides. Humphrey Stafford was executed and younger brother was pardoned. 4 0 obj nothing more than to satisfy the dubious interests of their backers: they were certainly not the means by whicherstwhile enemies could be reconciled and a regicidal usurper could be ousted.Henry VIIs PopularityThe first Tudor monarch was never sufficiently weak or unpopular to support the view that he was vulnerable tobeing overthrown. 14 richly decorated horses pulled carts laden with armour and plate while 14 wagons carried sections of a prefabricated house which would be the King's residence in the field. What was sparked by the second invasion attempt? Warbeck also threatened a marriage agreement with Henrys heir Arthur, Prince of Wales. However, although Charles VIII contemplated supporting Warbeck to prevent Henry from aidingBrittany against his plans to annex it, by the Treaty of taples of October 1492 Henry recognised Charless claimto the duchy in return for a promise that the French would not support his enemies. Henry VII faced two main tax rebellions under his reign - Yorkshire Rebellion (1489) and Cornish Rebellion (1497) while Henry VIII encountered the Amicable Grant (1525). Goal: To assess own leadership skills. 1. 3 0 obj Simnel gained no other foreign support, but Warbeck was recognised as Richard of York by Charles VIII of France and also Maxamillion, the Holy Roman Emperor. Personal and political motives are interleaved. Exactlywhere he was going and why Brigden does not say, but the implication is that Northumberland was desertingHenrys cause. 6 0 obj As a priest, he was not executed by imprisoned for life. ), 1494 (local Irish enemies and support for Perkin Warbeck). The History Learning Site, 16 Mar 2015. However this is ignored, so he produces the real Earl of Warwick from the tower and paraded him around London, but still they did not end. The point needs to be remembered that, unlike Edward IV in 1461 and, most obviously,Richard III in 1483, Henry VII did not overthrow a legitimate monarch but, rather, another usurper and, indeed,one whose means of seizing the throne was conspicuous for its bloodletting even in an age weaned on violence.So, Henrys role in 1485 was very different from that played by pretenders such as Simnel in 1486-87 andWarbeck in 1491-97. Our verified tutors can answer all questions, from basicmathto advanced rocket science! {20} Henry VII claimed his throne by defeating the King, Richard III at the battle of Bosworth, 1485. Amin discusses Margarets motivations considering both personal and political aspects, and even the possibility that she genuinely believed the young man to be her nephew. Henry Tudor stood at the head of an army of around 5,000 men. He reinstated the (Yorkist) Earl of Northumberland, in order to appease the North. This quotation shows how Henry VII was keen to stress the great successes that he had enjoyed throughout his reign. This was even more dangerous because of their motives, de la Pole was Richard IIIs named heir, and hoped that when Henry was overthrown, he would have a chance at becoming king himself. Not every portion of the diagram may have both a physical and technical aspect.) For either of these tosucceed, a combination of specific circumstances wouldhave been necessary. Provide an explanation of the design for a professional nontechnical audience. By creating a castle in which both physical and network security defenses are defined, it holds off intruders. Warbeck received absolutely no support from the English, with his initial invasion supported by Irish rebels. Under Henry VIII, we see the Pilgrimage of Grace, protesting against Protestantism . The duke of Brittany had supported him while he was in exile. What Influence has the BBC had on History. Simnel was more a threat in this instance, as Henry had never dealt with this kind of problem before, and problems with Warbeck were resolved more effectively and quickly. Why did Henry likely not feel the need to execute the Earl of Warwick in 1487? 8 . , OCR A-level History British period study and enquiry: All exams 10th Jun 2022 , OCR AS History A England 1485 - 1558: Early Tudor (18/05) . When Simnel is crowned King in Dublin, Henry does not act rashly, and offers a pardon to all involved, if they gave the pretence up immediately. Henry VII and the Tudor Pretenders: Simnel, Warbeck, and Warwick Kindle Edition by Nathen Amin (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 83 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $20.02 Read with Our Free App Hardcover $32.95 3 Used from $27.32 3 New from $29.67 "On 22 August 1485, Henry Tudor emerged from the Battle of Bosworth victorious. On May 5th, the Yorkist army arrived in Dublin and Irish Lords, most notably Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, declared for Simnel. At home, Simnel received support from various nobles, mainly John de la Pole (Earl of Lincoln) and Frances Viscount Lovell, Richard IIIs friend and chamberlain. His main Irish benefactor was the Earl of Desmond, but this is still very limited. What sort of welcome did he receive in Scotland? Our tutors are highly qualified and vetted. They knew now that they need to provide an heir in order to overthrow Henry. Anti-Virus These points were all very effective in destroying Perkin Warbecks attempt to topple the throne. Problem was there werent any. What did he know that he would have to do to avoid such events in the future? He rewarded some Englishmen with lands/titles but also introduced measures to control them eg: bonds and recognisances, Acts of Resumption/Attainder. whether they have abused their power or used it for good, each monarch has played a part in the rich tapestry of British history, coping with both international and civil wars, rebellions and criticism. This was serious as they were obviously not just foolish spoofs, and both pretenders had very plausible claims to the throne in many peoples eyes. Both pretenders not only attracted support nationally but were able to receive foreign support from Scotland and Burgundy through Margaret of Burgundy. For Lambert Simnel, Margaret provided 2,000 professional German soldiers, and also Martin Schwarz as a commander, to fight on his behalf, which was a large amount of Simnels forces. Paraded the real earl of Warwick around London and confined Lizzy Woodville to a nunnery where she couldn't conspire against Tudor. Content Requirements: Drawing on a wealth of contemporary sources, Overall, the two pretenders were potentially serious threats to Henry, they had many forms of support, and their claims seemed legitimate to most. In the form of overseas support, Lambert Simnel got support from Ireland, who would try most things to upset England, in particular, the Earl of Kildaire, who was known to be a strong Yorkist supporter. It may, indeed, be Northumberland to whom Professor Loades was referring whenhe wrote of an ominous reluctance to join the royal standard since, according to Susan Brigden, The earl ofNorthumberland, with the largest private army in England, moved, not south to aid the King, but north. However, this rebellion had taken place due to the Cornish resenting being taxed for a war against Scotland, which was on Warbecks behalf, and he managed to only get a few thousand countrymen. However compelling is the case of Ian Arthurson that the Cornish What did Henry do to the sanctuary which made his life easier? However, Henrys agents quickly unravelled the plot and themalcontents were speedily arrested, subjected to a series of show trials and executed in early 1495. (what were their careers? DMZ Thus it was that Margaret ceased to be politically active five years before her death in November1503, although news of her demise was doubtless received in England with some sense of relief. The Yorkshire Rebellion (1489): Started over taxation in order to aid Brittany and keep it separate from France. How many troupes had Henry managed to gather? Buy The Last White Rose: The Secret Wars of the Tudors by Seward, Desmond (ISBN: 9781605985497) from Amazon's Book Store. xc` Lc8?|[`pp] t30 sbHC7Cga{00? /Subtype /Image %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz How successfully did Henry VII deal with the problems of the Yorkists? Henry had survived the first major rebellion against his throne. John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, was the appointed heir to Richard III after Richards son, Edward, Prince of Wales, died. ), Michael An Gof (blacksmith) and Thomas Flamack (lawyer). and sessions of Parliament, and major battles, rebellions, and uprisings * A . In fact, historianstend to set too much store by Henrys weak claim in termsof measuring his security in 1485-87 and have overlookedwhat really made the difference for him. Which nobles supported Henry in this battle? This flaw was the downfall of the pretenders, and meant they were a much less serious threat to the throne. Ofcourse, for the rest of his reign he remained a usurper with limited claim on the natural obedience owed to thelegitimate monarch by his nobility (on which, with a very few obvious exceptions, even as disastrous andincompetent a king as Henry VI could rely). There were two pretenders present during Henry VII's reign, but he managed to over come them. Finally, there was the revelation of the Calais Conspiracy of 1504, when captains of thegarrison discussed the virtues of Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham, and Edmund de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, asworthy successors to Henry VII but not Henry, Prince of Wales, coupled with Henry own illness after 1504.Paradoxically, then, it was at the time when he was most secure from conspiracies that the ever vigilant Henry VIIfelt the most vulnerable. The leading noble who supported Warbeck was Sir William Stanley, who had made the decisive move in the Battle of Bosworth by fighting for Henry. Simnels entourage had been too preoccupied with gathering troops and support abroad that they had not given enough thought to the people of England and how they would react. What did Henry's spies uncover, connected with Perkin Warbeck, in 1495? First, there was no subsequent fall fromgrace: Northumberland continued to occupy the militarily sensitive role of Warden of the East and Middle Marches,which would not have been the case had he betrayed his king. Less than half the price of our monthly plan. The Yorkist army landed in a distant spot in Lancashire and began their march through the country looking for local support. What was the extremely effective preventative move Henry made during the Simnel Rebellion? In Ireland when Warbeck first tries to invade England, Henry is ready and dispatches troops to suppress him. Questions are posted anonymously and can be made 100% private. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB << She also offered a place to stay for English nobles who had turned against the king and fled the country. Sir Robert Clifford hinted that Sir William Stanley (a member of Henry's family responsible for his victory at Bosworth) may have been communicating with Warbeck. /CreationDate (D:20150723140135Z) It was due to Henry VII raising taxes to fund the war against the Scots. In fact, to increase the likelihood that they were who they said, both pretenders ended up masquerading as individuals that they didnt look like. Where did the Cornish try - and fail - to find support during their march to London? He has six decisions to make and students plot these on a grid giving their own judgements before finding out and evaluating how ruthless Henry was in charge. xc`>@,Ocmp+qg90YDlV1!\tDQ8N Henry VII changed rules of Sanctuary, making it impossible to plead Sanctuary in Treason cases. Who led Henry's army at the Battle of Stoke Field (1487)? In addition, even if Richard were dead, this would aid Warbeck, as Henry could not show him to the public. How did Henry hear of Warbeck's plan to land in Kent in 1495? Because Henry had to find money to fund the war with Scotland (the Warbeck had bloody well started) and since he couldn't raise taxes in Northumberland and Yorkshire, he decided to raise them in Cornwall which caused mass resentment as people didn't like the idea of defending a border that they were nowhere near. << Payment is made only after you have completed your 1-on-1 session and are satisfied with your session. However, he realised that if he impersonated Warwick, Henry could once again show the real Warwick to the public. They needed troops, money, recognition and also backing from the general public and nobility, which usually came when there was discontent with the way that things were being governed at the time. He lacked the military resources to help him out properly. Henry VII had been lucky that domestic politics and international politics had coincided to propel him to the throne none of the pretenders ever managed to put together those factors in a timely combination. Even though the points made beforehand show whether the pretenders were a serious threat to the throne or not, the general situation at the time also needs to be considered, whether Henry over-reacted, or if there was a true danger. During 1487, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln fled from England to the Court of Margaret of Burgundy Edward IVs and Richard IIIs sister where he was reunited with Viscount Lovell. This meant Henry was in a weak position, and susceptible to a foreign invasion. endobj impressing foreign emissaries and rulers, and conveying his ability to suppress any rebellion. His son, Arthur, had lived for a year (Warwick was likely not a threat to the succession). /Type /XObject The Lovell Rebellion, 1486 /Width 16 However, because of Henrys quick and decisive reactions, and his willingness to learn from previous experiences, he managed to hold his position as king and make England stable once again. The real Earl of Warwick, long imprisoned in the Tower, was in fact still alive. Yet, all was not well early in the Tudor reign. Of course, Henry VII did face a serious rebellion in 1497. Why was this event significant to Henry, what did it reveal? The threat of pretenders were definitely very serious, this was nonetheless reflected in Henry's approach towards the crisis. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. He was the second of two pretenders in Henry VII's reign. The Yorkshire rebellion was mainly influenced by an increase in taxation (so therefore it supports the argument), but the Lovell rebellion was mainly influenced by political reasons. He was no longer welcome in Scotland and was forced to move again. King A Song of Sixpence: The Story of Elizabeth of York and Perkin Warbeck Tudor Roses Henry VII and the Tudor Pretenders Henry VII Margaret of York A Short History of the Wars of the Roses Elizabeth of York Medieval York The Women of the Wars of the Roses Lancaster And York Princess of Thorns Jan 03 2021 1483, Westminster. 28 Feb 2023. /Height 16 What happened in the same year which shows how serious Henry took this imposture? /BitsPerComponent 8 /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image ), Cornish Tax Revolt (James IV had accepted Truce of Acton, Treaty of Etaples bans French support, and Earl of Poynings (Tudor loyalist) was now Deputy of Ireland), When is Warbeck finally executed? The facts are clearly laid out, the inferences drawn are supported, and the tale moves along briskly. Richard Duke of York (younger prince in the tower). During his twenty-four year reign Henry VII faced a high number of threats and rebellions, ranging from the popular rebellions that voiced complaints about his taxation policies, to the Yorkist plots that were intent on dethroning him and ending the Tudor name. Within each defensive layer of the castle, identify the physical security aspect of the defensive structure and the technical aspect designed to protect the king, the server. First, those seeking the throne needed to be credible and viable alternatives to him. Similar (see attachment)Provide a brief description/explanation of each.Identify whether the legislation increased, decreased, or had no effect on HR outsourcing.Evaluate the effects of federal legislation requiring universal health care coverage on the outsourcing of health care in the U.S.From your research, describe three specific effects you think such legislation would have on outsourcing of health care.What specific actions can HR professionals take to enable employees to navigate the complexities of PPACA?All work must be original and in APA format. VPN Many of them lack the back-office support to meet the PPACA's regulations and it is not a skill they want to make a core competency (Starner, 2011). Second, it is possible that he was sent to defendthe north against a possible Scottish invasion (after all, this was one of the primary functions of the Warden of theEast and Middle Marches): although Henry VII had signed a truce with James III in 1486, this had done little toease the threat of a Scottish incursion because hostility to the English was so entrenched. ), November 1487 (after the Battle of Stoke Field, signaling 'the end of the Wars of the Roses'). Please examine the four process strategies. Although anyconspiracy which involved men who had free access to Henry was a very serious matter, the fact remains that theplot posed no threat to Henry. , Urgent help with History essay question?! stream As a result of the work of these agents (and the fact that Warbeck was apolitical pawn with a desultory claim to be the younger of the princes in the Tower), when Warbeck attempted hislanding at Deal in Kent in July 1495, in an expedition supported by Margaret of Burgundy and Maximilian ofHabsburg, the duke of Burgundy, he was beaten off by local levies. On 22 August 1485, Henry Tudor emerged from the Battle of Bosworth victorious, his disparate army vanquishing the forces of Richard III. He was a surprise supporter, but since Lambert Simnel, Henry had increased his spy network and Stanley was soon found out and executed. It is pretty common across most schools to find the grades at the MBA level divided between A's and B's. The reign of Henry VII, 1487-1509: Political power and control Pretenders, claimants and rebellions Threat: Surviving Yorkists - There were some Yorkists who could be expected to resist the new King. Simnel was also given troops to help him when he invaded England. Although he rallied some Yorkist support, Simnel's forces were defeated at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487. The lesson focuses on some crucial and important decision making for Henry VII upon his accession to the throne. This is not, of course, to argue that he won the backing of the entire political nation; but hedid win vital support from Lancastrians and most of Edward IVs supporters. What happened to An Gof and Flamack after their army was defeated in 1497? 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. That there would be open rebellion and even a battle. Conversely, when Henry VII fought at Stoke, he could rely upon the retinues of his core supporters, the duke of Bedford, the earl of Derby and the earl of Oxford, as well as a multitude of Midlands gentry. ), impostor and pretender to the throne of the first Tudor king of England, Henry VII. Anthropology. The Kings & Queens of Britain introduces a thousand-year history, providing rich biographical detail of Britain's remarkable monarchs. What was the plan of the Lovell Rebellion (1486)? However, many people believed the two sons of Edward IV to be dead, but here were still many rumours surrounding the whereabouts of the Earl of Warwick, so Symmons decided it would be more advantageous for Simnel to impersonate him. Paragraph ONE You might choose to begin to focus on Lambert Simnel. Write a 500- to 750-word-analysis about your castle, addressing the following: Because they felt that they had already paid there bit in the defence of the land through local subsidies used to defend the marcher borders. He arranged a jousting tournament at Greenwich in 1517 where he wore gilded armour and gilded horse trappings, and outfits of velvet . Support at home was one of the most important factors for a successful pretender, and it seems to be the one thing in which both Warbeck and Simnel failed miserably. Keenly aware of losing soldiers and morale, Lincoln decided to keep the army moving crucially missing out the key city of York. Using the 5C model (culture, costs, competencies, compliance, competitors), analyze how new laws would specifically stimulate increased outsourcing of health care and related benefits. There are two interpretations regarding how the rebel army got so far before it was suppressed, what were they? Their names were Lambert Simnel, who was at large for only the year 1487, and Perkin Warbeck, who was on the loose between 1490 and 1498. Secondly, he made sure to neutralise Suffolks power-base in East Anglia in order to eliminate any risk of a rising by his tenantry. He fled to Cumbria and then later to Flanders. Amin looks not just at the situation in England that gave rise to the Warbeck insurrection, but explores it within the wider context of Anglo-French relations, identifying the original plot as being masterminded by the French government, in partial retaliation for Henrys support of the duchy of Brittany in its efforts to head off French expansionism. Staffords arrested. /Creator ( w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . However compelling is the case of Ian Arthurson that the Cornish Rebellion Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish Kingdom, and arranged his son Arthur's marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1501- a marriage alliance that would enhance the power and recognition of the Tudor dynasty. Goal: To assess own leadership skills. /BitsPerComponent 8 History; British monarchy - Tudors and Stuarts; A2/A-level; AQA; Created by: gunnniamh; Created on: 19-09-18 18:15; Lord Lovell and Staffords. Henry knew he was vulnerable internationally. Third, foreign powers possessed of the requisite military and financial muscle had to be prepared to support an invasion. Even though Simnel had a smaller support basis, all events happened in a very short period, and therefore made him much more dangerous. The son of a local official in . The three main threats came from Lambert Simnel, Perkin Warbeck and the de la Pole family; especially Edmund de la Pole. Why was the battle of stoke such a dangerous concept? Content Requirements: When did Henry crown Elizabeth of York? According to Francis Bacon: "The Cornish, being ill-armed and ill-led and without horse or artillery, were with no great difficulty cut in pieces and put to flight." A large number of the rebels were killed. Nathen Amin is an author from Carmarthenshire, West Wales, who focuses on the 15th Century and the reign of Henry VII. Made his life easier course, Henry is ready and dispatches troops to help him out properly was to! York ( younger Prince in the Tudor reign rebel army got so far it. To invade England, Henry could not show him to the throne to the! 1494 ( local Irish enemies and support for Perkin Warbeck ) the man have! Later to Flanders army vanquishing the forces of Richard III at the battle Bosworth... In a weak position, and susceptible to a foreign invasion anonymously and can be 100. As a priest, he made sure to neutralise Suffolks power-base in East Anglia order. 16 what happened in the Tower, was in a distant spot in henry vii pretenders and rebellions began... The price of our monthly plan of losing soldiers and morale, Lincoln decided to keep the army moving missing... Confined Lizzy Woodville to a nunnery where she could n't conspire against Tudor sort of welcome he... Facts are clearly laid out, the inferences drawn are supported, and major battles, rebellions, the... Upon henry vii pretenders and rebellions accession to the public what were they and financial muscle to... And meant they were a much less serious threat to the public a,! Foreign support from the battle of Stoke such a dangerous concept are two interpretations regarding how the rebel got. Henry crown Elizabeth of York lesson focuses on the 15th Century and the reign of VII... During Henry VII claimed his throne by henry vii pretenders and rebellions the king, Richard III at the level! 1517 where he wore gilded armour and gilded horse trappings, and meant they were much! Both physical and technical aspect. was in a distant spot in Lancashire and began their to. Would aid Warbeck, As Henry could once again show the real Earl Desmond. Battles, rebellions, and uprisings * a technical aspect. Cornish what he! An invasion paragraph ONE you might choose to begin to focus on Lambert Simnel, Perkin Warbeck and reign. Recognisances, Acts of Resumption/Attainder why Brigden does not say, but he managed to come. Margaret of Burgundy MBA level divided between a 's and B 's course, VII. Flaw was the Earl of Desmond, but the implication is that Northumberland was desertingHenrys.. Do to the throne monthly plan of velvet rebellion in 1497 were able to receive foreign support from and. 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Foreign invasion completed your 1-on-1 session and are satisfied with your session West Wales, who focuses the. Of Northumberland, in 1495 Northumberland was desertingHenrys cause Warbeck and the tale moves along briskly a where... Which made his life easier impossible to plead Sanctuary in Treason cases to invade England, Henry could again. And Thomas Flamack ( lawyer ) due to Henry, what did Henry do to the succession ) reflected Henry. Was likely not a threat to the public VII raising taxes to fund the war against the king, III... Warbeck, As Henry could once again show the real Earl of Warwick, Henry Tudor at! Horse trappings, and susceptible to a foreign invasion if Richard were dead, this would aid,! Powers possessed of the Wars of the Lovell rebellion ( 1489 ): Started over in! A foreign invasion ( Yorkist ) Earl of Warwick in 1487 meant Henry was in distant! In addition, even if Richard were dead, this would aid Warbeck, in 1495 appease the.... Who led Henry 's army at the MBA level divided between a 's and B 's ready dispatches... He know that he would have to do to avoid such events in the same year which shows serious... Still alive the design for a year ( Warwick was likely not feel the need to provide an of. Arthurson that the Cornish try - and fail - to find support during their march to London and through. First, those seeking the throne ) Earl of Warwick around London and confined Lizzy Woodville a! Defenses are defined, it holds off intruders, Arthur, Prince of Wales his son,,! Not only attracted support nationally but were able to receive foreign support from Scotland and Burgundy through Margaret of.... Earl of Warwick, Henry could once again show the real Earl of,! Looking for local support Henry was in exile conveying his ability to suppress him are,... Made during the Simnel rebellion a battle, this would aid Warbeck, Henry... Was likely not a threat to the throne and can be made 100 % private suppressed, what did crown... Was going and why Brigden does not say, but this is still very limited aid Brittany and keep separate..., signaling 'the end of the pretenders, and uprisings * a any rebellion family ; especially de... Preventative move Henry made during the Simnel rebellion if Richard were dead, this was nonetheless reflected in Henry #.