Page 4 Steps to Basic Life Support Step 1: Shout for help Step 2: Eliminate Dangers Step 3: Evaluate Response - Shout for help again, if necessary Step 4: Airway Step 5: Breathing Step 6: Circulation We use a mnemonic to summarise the steps you should take after the initial shout for help: 'DR.ABC' stands for: Eliminate DANGERS Evaluate RESPONSE Avoid any pressure on the child or infants chest that may impair breathing and regularly turn the unconscious child or infant over onto their opposite side to prevent pressure injuries whilst in the recovery position (i.e. Surrogate Endpoints: Are drug review processes flexible enough to expedite pa Perfecting Precision in Modern NSCLC Practice: Are You Optimally Integrating PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. 1 AHA GuidelinesACLS 2 COMMUNICATIONS!! Those trained only in adultBLS (may include healthcare providers and members of the public) who have no specific knowledge of paediatric resuscitation, should use the adult sequence they are familiar with, including the paediatric modifications if possible (see below). It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Reassess the pulse every 2 min No more than 10 seconds in doing so, Compressions only CPR If you are not able or are unwilling to give rescue breaths, give chest compressions only If patient is gasping immediately start compressions Intra-thoracic pressure wont increase and RR also will become low Should be continuous, at a rate of 100 /min Stop to recheck the victim only if he starts breathing normally, Phone first or CPR first? Refer to the ERC guidelines publications for supporting reference material. The ambulance call handler will assist with instructions for confirming cardiac arrest, starting compression-only CPR, and locating, retrieving and using an AED. Those untrained (dispatcher-assisted members of the public). If no pulse or doubtful, proceed with CC - Children and adults carotid - Infants - brachial or femoral Use two fingers and large surface area to feel over carotid or femoral, Chest compressions victim on flat surface push hard and push fast Rate: 100 compressions/min Compression depth : 4-5 cm in adults, : 1/2 - 1/3 of chest in infants Landmark: - lower 1/2 of sternum , between nipples in children & adults - just below nipple line in infants, Chest compressions Allow complete recoil of chest after each compression Minimize interruptions in chest compressions Swap rescuers every 2 minutes (6-8 cycles) to avoid exhaustion Compressions should be paused for ventilations till airway is secured, Ventilation Head tilt and chin lift to open airway unless cervical injury is suspected Rescue breaths, Rescue breathing Give 2 breaths each over 1 second Sufficient tidal volume to produce visible chest rise Low minute ventilation can maintain effective oxygenation during CPR Avoid rapid or forceful breath, Rescue breathing Mouth to mouth breathing - open victims airway - pinch the nose , airtight mouth-mouth seal give 1 breath over 1 second - take regular (not a deep ) breath Mouth to barrier device Bag and mask Ventilation with advanced airway No pause in compressions for ventilation if advanced airway is placed, IF VICTIM STARTS TO BREATHE NORMALLY PLACE IN RECOVERY POSITION, Rescue breathing without CC Pulse is felt but no breath then give breath children/adults : 10-12 breaths/min infants : 12-20 breath/min. Members of the public should start CPR for presumed cardiac arrest without concerns of causing harm to those not in cardiac arrest. The only exception to performing 1 minute of CPR before going for help is in the unlikely event of a child with a witnessed, sudden collapse when the rescuer is alone with no phone and primary cardiac arrest is suspected. First Aid Courses, Advice & Volunteering | St John Ambulance 1- early recognition prevents: cardiac arrests and, Basic Life Support ( BLS ) Automated External Defibrillation (AED ) - . Place both thumbs flat, side-by-side, on the lower half of the sternum (as above), with the tips pointing towards the infants head. focus on in hospital bls pulse checking! However, if coughing is absent or ineffective, and the object completely obstructs the airway, the child or infant will rapidly become asphyxiated. Proceed to the next step while waiting for an answer. Transcript and Presenter's Notes. Basic Life Support Automated External. Determine unresponsiveness, get help, and activate emergency medical services (EMS) 3. Views: 670, By: krishna4you Keeping the hand pressed against the cheek, pull on the far leg to roll the person towards you onto their side. In the paediatric basic life support sequence, rescuers should perform assessment for signs of life (circulation) simultaneously with breathing assessment and during the delivery of rescue breaths. lifeguards, first aiders). - YouTube 0:00 / 7:21 BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) POWERPOINT. If the nose and mouth cannot both be covered in the older infant, the rescuer may attempt to seal only the infants nose or mouth with their mouth (if the nose is used, close the lips to prevent air escape). The following describes one method of achieving a left lateral position: Kneel beside the child and make sure that both legs are straight. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest an optimal recovery position, but RCUK recommends the following sequence of actions: Kneel beside the person and make sure that both legs are straight. If the person becomes unresponsive, start CPR. When bystander CPR is already in progress at the time of the call, dispatchers may only provide instructions when asked for, or when issues with knowledge or skills are identified. The guidelines process includes: (Note: Studies have shown how unreliable feeling for a pulse is in determining presence or absence of a circulation even for trained paediatric healthcare workers, hence the importance of the need to look for signs of life. This should start with the first person on scene, who is often a bystander (i.e. 12. standard. How to assess the collapsed victim. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Anti-choking devices: A recent systematic review focussed on these devices. 5. No greater harm can occur than failing to act when someone requires CPR and defibrillation. identify the steps in the chain of survivalrecognize early, Basic Life Support CPR - Introduction. Name 2 techniques applied in severe airway obstruction? woaj o pomoc . Cee Sanchez. Place your arms under the childs arms and encircle their torso. Guidelines 2021 are based on the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation 2020 Consensus on Science and Treatment Recommendations and the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation (2021). This is achieved safely by placing your free arm along the infants back and encircling the occiput with your hand. an adult thumbs length). If you are unable or unwilling to provide ventilations, give continuous chest compressions. Reassess regularly. Check their condition and get help if needed. A Man Called Ove: A Novel. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. If there is only one rescuer, with a mobile phone, they should call help first (and activate the speaker function) immediately after the initial rescue breaths. Healthcare workers may choose to also check . Support the infant down your arm, which is placed down (or across) your thigh. Release all pressure on the chest between compressions to allow for complete chest recoil and avoid leaning on the chest at the end of a compression. Removal of foreign body airway obstruction: A systematic review of interventions. Assess the child or infants clinical condition. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. AHA 2010 (new) A change in the 2010 AHA Guidelines for. (www.cpr.org.tw). Views: 545, By: JenniferDwayne 20 slides. The involvement of stakeholders from around the world including members of the public and cardiac arrest survivors. A single trained rescuer should first proceed with rescue manoeuvres (unless able to call for help on a mobile phone simultaneously). BLS simplified algorithm For laypersons or other non-HCP personnel, this algorithm is a simplified approach to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and life support. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. 2. Depth: depress the lower half of the sternum by at least one third of the anteriorposterior dimension of the chest (which is approximately 4 cm for an infant and 5 cm for a child). Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. The process used to produce the Resuscitation Council UK Guidelines 2021 is accredited by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). resuscitation of those with suspected or confirmed acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Application for permission to reproduce RCUK materials, Membership: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). objectives. Scene Rescuer Victim Bystanders, Response Ask, are u all right? If a shock is indicated, fully automatic AEDs are designed to deliver a shock without any further action by the rescuer. 4. The 2020 AHA Guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) include a new link to the chains of survival, additional components regarding the resuscitation of pregnant patients, opioid overdose assessment with treatment, and BLS skill modifications for some populations. Identify effectiveness by seeing that the childs chest has risen and fallen in a similar fashion to the movement produced by a normal breath. 2020 (New): The use of mobile phone technology by emergency dispatch systems to alert willing bystanders to nearby events that may require CPR or AED use is reasonable. Systematic reviews with grading of the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. Establishing an open airway takes priority over concerns about the cervical spine. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) POWERPOINT. Few major changes have been introduced as the principles of CPR remain unchanged. Rescuers who have been taught adult BLS, and have no specific knowledge of paediatric resuscitation, should use the. 1 Basic Life Support Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation For Healthcare Lay Rescuer 2 E M E R G E N C Y 3 THEN AND NOW 4 Pre-Hospital Scenarios 5 Pre-Hospital Scenarios 6 LIFE SUPPORT Basic Life. Lee Goldman MD, in Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 2020. Grasp your fist with your other hand and pull sharply inwards and upwards. basic life support certificate. If there is still doubt at the end of the rescue breaths, start CPR. CPR and ECC is to reccomend the initiation. The risk of harm to the patient is low if the patient is not in cardiac arrest. The location of an AED should be indicated by, Ambulance services should have available up to date information on defibrillator locations, either through regional databases or national databases such as. Doctor at Bahawal Victoria Hosipital, Bahawalpur, PK. Healthcare professionals with a duty to respond to paediatric emergencies should be fully competent in paediatric BLS; a specific paediatric BLS algorithm is presented as they have an obligation to deliver more comprehensive care. corso bls esecutore obiettivo e struttura. The differences between adult and paediatric resuscitation are largely based on differing aetiology. Immediately restart CPR with 30 compressions. If the child or infants coughing is becoming ineffective and or the clinical condition is deteriorating (decreasing consciousness, quiet cough, inability to breathe or vocalise, cyanosis), ask for bystander help and determine the child or infants conscious level. Continue with paediatric BLS using a C:V ratio of 15:2 (or the ratio you are familiar with) until help arrives or child improves. Continue CPR until an AED (or other type of defibrillator) arrives on site and is switched on and attached to the person. dr. emad lotfy lecturer of anesthesiology . Make up to 5 attempts to achieve effective breaths. Maintaining head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth away and watch for the chest to fall as air comes out. Name basic life support sequences of actions. Press down on the lower sternum with your two thumbs to depress it at least one-third of the depth of the infants chest, approximately 4 cm. Apply direct pressure to any site of obvious bleeding to stop haemorrhage. Allow complete chest recoil after each compression. 3 Basic Life Support - Instructions for New (First-Time) Instructor Candidates Instructor Course in-person session. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Despite broad study inclusion criteria, the review identified only small case series, manikin studies, and cadaver studies, which were limited to a single device type. chest compression depth at least one third the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest, or by 4 cm for the infant and 5 cm for the child. Feeling for a pulse is not a reliable way to determine if there is an effective or inadequate circulation, and palpation of the pulse is not the determinant of the need for chest compressions. If a member of the general public or healthcare provider considers that there are no signs of life, and the child or infant exhibits abnormal or absent breathing, CPR should be started immediately. . When you click the topic, you will see all of the questions and answers on this topic. Victims who have had early and correct BLS intervention will be better oxygenated and are more likely to respond to advanced techniques to revive them, thereby increasing their chance of survival. In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest a child may be taking infrequent, noisy gasps. (BLS) Assess the effectiveness of each breath: if a breath does not make the chest rise, reposition the head before making the next attempt. We've encountered a problem, please try again. A child is between 1 year and 18 years of age. There have been continuing reports of safe and successful use of AEDs in children less than 8 years demonstrating that AEDs can identify arrhythmias accurately in children and are extremely unlikely to advise a shock inappropriately. If you still have difficulty in opening the airway, try the jaw thrust method: place the first two fingers of each hand behind each side of the childs mandible (jawbone) and push the jaw forward (towards you). 2020;156:A35-A79. Basic life support,Cardi0-pulmonary resuscitation Pinky Rathee 2.8k views 40 slides BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (ADULT) BLS Prof Vijayraddi 28.9k views 35 slides Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (cpr) krl Khemaram Loyal 1.4k views 33 slides Bls222 Gina Magaway 2k views 23 slides CPR procedure anjalatchi 1.3k views 22 slides BLS Aman Bijral 12.1 understand your responsibilities 12.2, Kardiopulmonln resuscitace (KPR) zkladn podpora ivota (Basic Life Support -BLS ) - . if the rescuer believes the victim to be a child then they should use the paediatric guidelines. an AED is located, retrieved and used as early as possible. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Guidelines 2021 are based on the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation 2020 Consensus on Science and Treatment Recommendations for Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillationand the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation (2021) Adult Basic Life Support. Basic Life Support (BLS) is performed to support the patient's circulation and respiration through the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until advanced life support arrives. Proceed immediately to chest compression regardless of whether the breaths are successful and perform CPR. Only leave the person unattended if absolutely necessary, for example to attend to other people. Category: Medicine, Science & Technology. Tap here to review the details. Use the recovery position, only if a persons conscious level is reduced and they do not meet the criteria for starting CPR. Whereas Basic Life Support (BLS) includes CPR but is an overall higher level of medical care typically administered by public safety professionals, first responders, paramedics, healthcare providers and qualified bystanders. Tibballs J, Weeranatna C. The influence of time on the accuracy of healthcare personnel to diagnose paediatric cardiac arrest by pulse palpation. If one is unsuccessful, try the others in rotation until the object is cleared. Nolan JP, Maconochie I, Soar J, Olasveengen TM, Greif R, Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Aickin R, Berg KM, Mancini ME, Bhanji F, Wyllie J, Zideman D, Neumar RW, Perkins GD, Castrn M, Morley PT, Montgomery WH, Nadkarni VM, Billi JE, Merchant RM, de Caen A, Escalante-Kanashiro R, Kloeck D, Wang TL, Hazinski MF.Resuscitation. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Guidance Together with other professional societies, the American Heart Association (AHA) has provided interim guidance for basic and advanced life support in adults, children, and neonates with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). If back blows are ineffective, give up to 5 abdominal thrusts: Stand behind the person and put both your arms around the upper part of their abdomen. If bystanders cannot provide rescue breaths, they should proceed with chest compressions only. Chest compression pauses should be minimised so that 80% or more of the CPR cycle is comprised of chest compressions. Resuscitation 2020:153: 219-226. Where do you place your hands while performing chest compressions? Refer to the ERC guidelines publications for supporting reference material. Do not attempt blind or repeated finger sweeps these can push the object more deeply into the pharynx and cause injury. Pediatric Basic Life Support. A spontaneous cough is likely to be more effective and safer than any manoeuvre a rescuer might perform. Basic Life Support. Ensure that there is adequate head tilt and chin lift but also that the neck is not over extended; try repositioning the head to open the airway. Resuscitation Council (UK) is a registered Charity No. As soon as the AED arrives, or if one is already available at the site of the cardiac arrest, switch it on. Do not confuse this with normal breathing. every 30 minutes). The process used to produce the Resuscitation Council UK Guidelines 2021 is accredited by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Pediatric Basic Life Support Pedia BLS ---rbt2016--- 6. It is possible that part of the object may remain in the respiratory tract and cause complications. Basic Life support - Cpr ( cardiopulmonary resuscitation ) . Rotate compressor every 2 minutes or if fatigued. This year, the American Heart Association (AHA) released the updated 2020 Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care; the first major update to the internationally recognized guideline in five years. Basic Life Support (BLS) is the foundation of resuscitation training for healthcare professionals including nurses, physicians, EMS professionals, and other healthcare and public safety personnel. Allow the chest to recoil completely after each compression; do not lean on the chest. The AAA's Assess the patient Establish unresponsiveness Check pulse, respirations Activate EMS Call for help AED Get an AED (automated external defibrillator) 2. This led to the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. 2020 Nov;156:A1-A22. BACKGROUND Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per year in Europe Survival to hospital discharge presently approximately 5-10% Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of emergency services double or triple survival from SCA (sudden cardiac arrest) Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within 1-2 minutes) can result in >60% survival, BASIC LIFE SUPPORT SEQUENCES OF PROCEDURES PERFORMED TO RESTORE THE CIRCULATION OF OXYGENATED BLOOD AFTER A SUDDEN PULMONARY AND/OR CARDIAC ARREST CHEST COMPRESSIONS AND PULMONARY VENTILATION PERFORMED BY ANYONE WHO KNOWS HOW TO DO IT, ANYWHERE, IMMEDIATELY, WITHOUT ANY OTHER EQUIPMENT Protective devices, Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call 112 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths, APPROACH SAFELY! There are no data to indicate which technique should be used first or in which order they should be applied. The community response to cardiac arrest remains critical to saving lives. A seated or kneeling rescuer should be able to support the infant safely across their lap. It is important to stress the importance of maintaining a close check on all unresponsive individuals until the EMS arrives to ensure that their breathing remains normal. Alternate between providing 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths. The aim is to relieve the obstruction with each blow rather than to give all 5 (hence may not require all 5 if successful). 2. If a healthcare provider does feel for a pulse in an unresponsive child, they must be certain that one is present for them NOT to start CPR. Only leave the child if no other way of obtaining help is possible. obiettivo del corso pbls. 1168914. For both infants and children, if you have difficulty achieving an effective breath, the airway may be obstructed: Chest compression in children aged over 1 year: Note: Do not interrupt CPR at any moment unless there are clear signs of life (movement, coughing, normal breathing). CONTENTS. Place the arm nearest to you out at right angles to the body with the hand palm uppermost. 3. Apply an AED if available, if there is a high likelihood of shockable underlying rhythm such as after electrocution. The compression rate should be 100120 min. This Part of the 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care includes recommendations for clinical care of adults with cardiac arrest, including those with life-threatening conditions in whom cardiac arrest is imminent, and after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. As in the past, there remains a paucity of good quality evidence specifically on paediatric resuscitation, and some 2020 Nov;156:A120-A155, Couper K, Hassan A, Ohri V, Patterson E, Tang H, Bingham R,Olasveengen T, Perkins G On behalf of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Basic and Paediatric Life Support Task Force Collaborators. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT(BLS)save lives following cardiac arrest, History contd Prone position inadequate Expired air did provide sufficient O2 Head tilt, chin lift kept patent airway, APPROACH SAFELY! These guidelines are intended to support members of our communities who may be called upon to act in an emergency and to help saves someones life. basic life support Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation's College of Physiotherapy, Ahmednagar 618 views 37 slides UC Nursing CESDEV Cpr Module ucnursingcesdev 1.5k views 29 slides Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) Thapa Nisha 15.1k views 85 slides BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) Ashwini Maurya 1.5k views 36 slides Basic life support These are similar to chest compressions, but sharper in nature and delivered at a slower rate. In these circumstances: Keep the patient flat, maintain an open airway by either continued head tilt and chin lift or jaw thrust. Adult Basic Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Adult Basic Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations supporto vitale di base. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Call for help if it is still not available: When the airway is opened for attempted delivery of rescue breaths, look to see if the foreign body can be seen in the mouth. The management of the choking child with the sequence of reversing partial or complete obstruction of the airways remains unchanged. Verify scene safety 2. ADULT Basic Life Support (BLS) Certification Course. Clench your fist and place it between the umbilicus and xiphisternum. Lay Rescuer Not Trained For small infants, you may need to overlap your thumbs to provide effective compressions. - Basic life support bls supporto di base delle funzioni. Do not use abdominal thrusts (Heimlich manoeuvre) for infants. Copyright 2016 MedicPresents All rights reserved. allow full recoil of the chest after each chest compression. BasicLifeSupport Trained providers should limit the no-flow time when using an AED by performing CPR up to the point of analysis and immediately after the shock delivery or no shock decision; pads should be applied with minimal or no interruption in CPR. FAQs: Basic Life Support (CPR) Downloads Adult Basic Life Support Algorithm 2021 31.02 KB Adult Choking Algorithm 31.54 KB 2021 Resuscitation Guidelines Quality Standards for CPR Additional guidance ReSPECT iResus Publications Application for permission to reproduce RCUK materials Key points Introduction Guidelines References TwitterLinkedIn By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Pediatric Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. 02999414. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation PowerPoint templates or slides can be useful for medical professionals and you can make CPR training PowerPoint presentations. Regular training in paediatric BLS is essential as cardiorespiratory arrest occurs less frequently in children than in adults; thus, both healthcare professionals and members of the public are less likely to be involved in paediatric resuscitation. If a misjudgement is made, and the victim turns out to be a young adult, little harm will accrue as studies of aetiology have shown that the paediatric causes of arrest continue into early adulthood. Cough CPR/ Prone CPR Cough cpr-Recommended only for awake monitored victim getting VF/VT Prone cpr when supine position cannot be given blood pressure is raised in prone CPR than supine CPR. Pediatric Life Support Collaborators. Unconscious children and infants who are not in cardiac arrest and clearly have normal breathing, can have their airway kept open by either continued head tilt - chin lift or jaw thrust or, when there is a perceived risk of vomiting, by positioning the unconscious child in a recovery position. Details of the guidelines development process can be found in theResuscitation Council UK. Open the childs mouth and remove any visible obstruction. no response Tap or squeeze shoulders gently no response activate Emergency medical services Check for no breathing or no normal breathing (i.e., gasping) Gasping without eye opening - failure to respond manage as unconscious, Pulse check The lay rescuer should not check for a pulse The healthcare provider should take no more than 10 seconds. Figure 4.1. 7. A sixth link, recovery, was added to the in-hospital and out-of-hospital Chains of Survival. Active interventions to relieve choking are therefore required only when coughing becomes ineffective, but they then must be quickly commenced. Compression rate: 100-120 compressions per minute. Find out what is wrong. The paediatric modifications to adult CPR should be taught to those who care for children but are unlikely to have to resuscitate them. Training and feedback devices have been developed for adults and children. In half of the episodes documented with airway obstruction, more than one technique was needed to relieve the obstruction. The overall sequence of basic life support in cardiopulmonary arrest (CPR = cardiopulmonary arrest) The SAFE approach Pediatric Basic Life Support Pedia BLS ---rbt2016--- * Ventilation must be provided as follow: -EACH RESCUE BREATH SHOULD BE DELIVERED OVER 1 SECOND. Resuscitation Council (UK) is a registered Charity No. Paediatric cardiorespiratory arrests are usually secondary to other causes, usually hypoxia - hence the order of delivering the resuscitation sequence: Airway (A), Breathing (B) and Circulation (C). Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT.ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. systematic reviews with grading of the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations, Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations, led by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Basic life support (BLS) includes recognition of signs of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), heart attack, stroke, and foreign-body airway obstruction (FBAO); cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); and defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED). 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