18. Butz and . But the man likes confrontation, and uses it to disarm his critics. A partial bibliography of sources is here. 0000064407 00000 n . 0000068003 00000 n They pointed out that he was leaving the board of Ralston Purina Company to become Secretary of Agriculture, while Hardin was departing the Agriculture Department to become vice chairman of the same firm. While somewhat dated, this work is unique in that it comes from the source. It was during this time that she first came into contact with drugs. Despite helping to eradicate acute hunger and malnutrition, the bill devastated small farmers and contributed to decreasing the number of farms in America by 63%, effectively changing rural landscapes and economies. The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923, which The Quarterly Journal of Economics reported would save farms through long term loans available on farm mortgages andshort term credits available through banks, provided limited financial relief, but did not reduce surpluses. 0000051337 00000 n 0000054094 00000 n 0000070129 00000 n fanners were told: Reelect Nixon or Lose Your Butz. But it remains to he seen hew much help he can he. (See Henry Wallace's "Ever-Normal Granary".) He replaced Palmby with Carroll Brunthaver, a former official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm. If the Secretary is wrong, of course, and this summer's expected surplus cannot be disposed of, then the farmers income could fall drastically. Earl Butz, who served as Secretary of Agriculture under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, is widely regarded as a pioneer in modern American corn policy because he emphasized selling . Top 10 Earl Butz Quotes (2023 Update) - Quotefancy Top 10 Earl Butz Quotes (2023 Update) 1. Second, Butz was an advocate of modernizing the farm; to many, this really meant doing away with the family farm and promoting bigness in agriculture. 24 Since subsidized crops are less expensive, and therefore more sought after, farmers who grew subsidized crops saw the most success, while those who did not fell behind. citation-type="booksimple" One of Butz's chief antagonists has been the Agribusiness Accountability Project, which has traced the links between the Agriculture Department the landgrant colleges and the agribusiness industry. 0000056005 00000 n Butz said to be furious, but took no steps to stop such shifting. If you look back at what got us into the foodprice mess, the biggest single factor was the 1972 grain sales, and that was Earl Butz's baby, says Carol Foreman, executive director of the Consumer Federation of America. xref 0000060447 00000 n 25 The rise of factory farms that grew specialized crops subsidized by the government presented environmental troubles as well. 0000009965 00000 n Land Ordinance of 1785. Stanford University. 0000072272 00000 n 0000062821 00000 n Butz was not one of the smarter ones. 0000069741 00000 n You could no longer assume your fellow whites would protect you for telling a joke insulting to blacks, and you could no longer assume your fellow blacks would protect you for telling a joke insulting to Jews. As usual, the country dealers and farmers of Iowa got the short end of the stick, says former Iowa Senator Harold Hughes. 9As prices of agricultural commodities soared, farmers maximized production to increase their profits. I think many educated consumers understand that most farmers often do very poorly financially and have only a small return on their investment. She points to the Secretary's recent creation of an eightmember Agriculture Department advisory committee to evaluate regulaLions affecting the food industry. Earl Butz has restored grain farmers pride in proving their enormous productive potential, and they love him. 0000051916 00000 n The biggest single sale of wheat by the Government in history60 million bushelsoccurred on Aug. 31, 1972, to Continental Grain Company, one of the firms deal. How does corn get in your hair King corn? But by regulating supply and demand, reduction efforts restored the prices of agricultural commodities to those of the early twentieth century. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. The only newsroom focused on exploring solutions at the intersection of climate and justice. Earl L. Butz, the outspoken U.S. Agriculture secretary forced from office in 1976 for making a racist joke, died Saturday morning. He wouldn't embarrass a Cabinet member. He took off the restriction that farms had stating what they could and could not produce . 93-86, also known as the 1973 U.S. Farm Bill) was the 4-year farm bill that adopted target prices and deficiency payments as a tool that would support farm income but reduce forfeitures to the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) of surplus stocks. Butz encouraged farm production and promoted exports of surpluses. This program had unsuccessfully attempted to prevent a national oversupply of corn and low corn prices. Nixons Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz favored increased agricultural exports, and allowed the grain trading companies to continue to receive subsidies on the price and transportation of the Russian grain stocks to seaports. Butz said: "I'll tell you what the coloreds want. 0000046462 00000 n 0000062275 00000 n He emphasizes that the flight from the farms to the cities has slowed down during his reign; that the decrease of 11,000 farm units in 1975 is well below the annual decrease of more than 95,000 before 1969. Out of the unsettling agricultural and economic events of 1972, the beginnings of a robust agricultural monitoring program were born. October 11th, 2021. In 1970, the Government was paying farmers $3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive not to plant. On the other hand, heavy exports can lead to. 0000004995 00000 n These policy shifts coincided with the rise of major agribusiness corporations, and the declining financial stability of the small family farm. But the ag policies of the day encouraged restraint. When prices threatened to go too high, the payments would end and the land would go back into cultivation. In 1954, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of Agriculture by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Earl Butz (1909-2008) American government official (1909-2008) - Earl Butz was born in Albion (town in Noble County, Indiana, USA) on July 3rd, 1909 and died in Washington, D.C. (capital city of the United States) on February 2nd, 2008 at the age of 98. " Earl Butz 3. Under the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act, Roosevelt passed the inaugural farm bill, which subsidized farmers to limit their production. how much corn is grown with this fertilizer? So do other prosperous farmers and the agribusiness complex of corporate fruit and vegetable raisers, food processors and distributors. 17The threat of another depression hastened the reinstatement of crop regulation through the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, which restored financial security to farmers. 0000066862 00000 n 0000049017 00000 n American President: James Monroe: The American Franchise. The University of Virginia. Days after Butz died, the Wall Street Journal reported, In the U.S., farmers are razing old barns, ripping up sod and grassland, and uprooting fences some in a routine attempt to improve land, others in an effort to make room for the grain boom.. Those farmers were early believers. 14. Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped. A Cullman, Ala., contract grower whose attempt to organize poultry farmers was crushed by the processors (with some assistance, he charges, from the Agriculture Department) refers to his neighbors as the last slaves in America. Economic studies indicate that poultry farmers are kept in virtual bondage, forced into everincreasing debt as a condition for receiving each new contract from the processors, then working long days raising tens of thousands of companyowned chickens for pennies an hour. Earl Butz was Secretary of Agriculture. http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/pager.php?id=49. ' , See the article in its original context from. [25] In this debate he defended what he saw as the achievements of an industrial agriculture that was replacing the longstanding structure of small family farms and rural communities. 0000029154 00000 n The San Diego Evening Tribune offered to mail a copy of the whole quotation to anyone who requested it; more than 3,000 readers did. Then, during President Fords election campaign of 1976, Butz told a racially offensive joke, and he was forced to resign. 0000045535 00000 n Increased production contributed to deforestation, higher emissions of greenhouse gases, and a greater need for fertilizer and pesticides that contaminated water sources and accumulated in the food chain. In addition, consumer food prices jumped. 0000071240 00000 n 1973 Farm Bill - Agricultural and Consumer Protection Act [As Amended Through P.L. I told him, You've got too many instant experts on agriculture in the White House They're brilliant people, but with no judgment. 8 Due to government assistance, American farmers experienced continued success during and immediately following World War I. [14][15] Coincidentally, Butz' resignation was announced on Barbara Walters' first day as the first female co-anchor of the ABC Evening News. Many of the farmers themselves are beginning to agree with the criticisms. 28 0 obj<>stream endstream endobj 27 0 obj<> endobj 29 0 obj<> endobj 30 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 31 0 obj<> endobj 32 0 obj<> endobj 33 0 obj<> endobj 34 0 obj<> endobj 35 0 obj<>stream After the Great Depression which featured the stunning confluence of huge grain surpluses, widespread hunger, and a tide of farm failures the Roosevelt Administration put in place mechanisms to help farmers manage supply.. Patron saint of the Fast Food Nation, Butz lived to see his dream realized. 0000068205 00000 n Exports sustained high grain prices, leading the United States Department of Agriculture to describe the years between 1910 and 1914 as the golden age of farming. 0000066617 00000 n 0000053931 00000 n He also advised farmers to get big or get out adapt or die, in the belief that bigger farms were more productive. 0000059164 00000 n 0000049967 00000 n 0000043291 00000 n Grain farmers are planting fence row to fence row, and the payments to them have nearly stopped. Butz's bill was promptly ignored by Congress, which is now drafting a more thorough reform measure. That is one of the most outrageous things I've seen, but it's typical of the way Secretary Butz operates, says Foreman. Farm income stayed high for most of the decade. 0000008170 00000 n In 1972, the Soviet Union, suffering disastrous harvests, purchased 30 million tons of American grain. Twitter, Follow us on 0000060715 00000 n But if the two stay in balance, if the production is matched by just the right amount of foreign sales and there is enough left over for the domestic market, then farmers will get a good income, consumers won't pay inflated prices and the nation gets some help on its balance of payments problems. 0000029494 00000 n 0000045725 00000 n An Administration official who has watched Butz during such White (louse meetings says, He's very quick, which is important in the infighting, And he knows how to lose battles so he can win wars. (One early victory was his outmaneuvering Nixon Administration economic planners so as to get the farmers and their products excluded from price controls. 0000041553 00000 n Adapt or die, resist and perish, Butz had advised farmers in the 1950's when he was Benson's assistant, and the statement came back to haunt him. In 1941, the Secretary set up a special zone consisting of about 362,000 acres, lying just to the south of the Canadian border, in which commercial logging was prohibited. Jesse Jackson learned the latter lesson in 1984 when a black reporter for the Washington Post passed along to another reporter the news that hed heard Jackson refer to Jews in private as Hymie, and refer to New York City as Hymietown.. 0000018253 00000 n Written by Bill Ganzel, the Ganzel Group. Millions of hogs, cattle and chicken were sold for slaughter as producers reduced their inventories. Butz started by telling a dirty joke involving intercourse between a dog and a skunk. 0000070292 00000 n Five years later, he pled guilty to tax evasion and served a short stint in jail. Jenny Georgieva. We believe in our ability to come together to shape the future through policy change. 10.How . But Butz is more interested in private trade (which usually means trade by a halfdozen large grain companies) and cash sales than in humanitarian giveaways, a view that has led to charges that he is oblivious to world hunger. While controversial, President Richard Nixons 1973 farm bill lessened acute hunger and malnutrition. Butz was born in Albion, Indiana, and brought up on a dairy farm in Noble County, Indiana. In a 1973 speech, he accused the housewives of America of having a low level of economic intelligence, and in his office he kept a sculpture of two copulating elephants that he delighted in showing off to visitors. 0000060947 00000 n 0000043465 00000 n There was some question whether or not Butz realized that the Soviets were buying up one quarter of the entire U.S. wheat crop, but he did nothing to stop the sale despite the fact that it eventually raised food prices. 0000019559 00000 n 0000055830 00000 n Actually. 0000069148 00000 n 0000063693 00000 n 0000071060 00000 n 0000053560 00000 n The policy sometimes paid farmers to not grow food in order to keep agricultural prices high and allow small farms to survive. For a few years, those actions seemed like a good business decision. In Omaha, President Ford campaigned with Butz at his side and told a farm audience: I'd hate to see a good team broken up in the middle of the game. Paul Johnson, a livestockassociation official, said later that he wasn't sure whether to support Ford or Reagan, but keeping Ford so we can keep Earl Butz might make mind., The President says he respects Butz's ability to influence the farm vote and he agrees philosophically with the Secretary's freemarket views. 0000044805 00000 n [28], Butz continued to serve on corporate boards and speak on agricultural policy. D. in agricultural economics (1937) from Purdue University. Indeed, the Agriculture Department has provided little support to those in other branches of the Government who have attempted to investigate the middlemen in the farmtomarket price spread and to probe the monopolies in the food industries, which include proces sors packagers, wholesalers, shippers, supermarkets. He first came out for abolishing private inspection agencies and turning over all inspection to a new Federalstate system. 0000057234 00000 n 0000044995 00000 n Farm incomes plunged and tens of thousands of farms went under. To ensure bountiful food for the home front and the devastated allied nations, the government implemented price supports on crops. 0000052562 00000 n 0000005075 00000 n 0000043800 00000 n He left both of the aforementioned posts in 1957, when he became the Dean of Agriculture at his alma mater, Purdue University. All contents 2023 The Slate Group LLC. I was speaking the language of food and they understood.. Heather H. (October 23, 1973). 0000067449 00000 n Butz, who dismisses Foreman as a phony and an arm of the Democratic Party, says consumer groups are wrong. 0000040918 00000 n 0000005254 00000 n Ulrike Butz, daughter of television presenter Hermann Butz, grew up in the Bavarian district of Miesbach. 0000028915 00000 n 0000056400 00000 n Butz's motto became "get big or get out," encouraging the growth of corporate factory-farms and increasing subsidised production of staples for export. 0000047333 00000 n 0000064563 00000 n 2. The New Deal policymakers had seen how high-production agriculture could devastate lands productivity. Facebook, Follow us on Instagram, Follow us on 0000050144 00000 n Butz tells farmers that consumers are mad at them because of high retail food prices. ammonia grow corn faster 4x as much tractors made the farmers work easier and let them farm more land. The obituaries for Earl Butz who went to his reward Feb. 2 at the enviable age of 98all note that he will be remembered less for his accomplishments as Agriculture secretary under Presidents. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Minimum Tillage Changes Planters & Cultivators, Silent Spring & the Environmental Movement, Connections between Surface and Groundwater, Nebraska's Unique Natural Resource Districts, Insecticides DDT's Rise, Fall & Rise Again, The EPA, the Endangered Species Act & Pesticides, 14th Annual Tractor & Auto show & Summer Fair. We believe in widespread ownership of businesses and farmland. BY TAKA YAMAGUCHI In 1976, then-U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz coined the now infamous phrase, "food is a weapon.". 115-334, Enacted December 20, 2018] 1970 Farm Bill - Agricultural Act of 1970 1965 Farm Bill - Food and Agricultural Act of 1965 1956 Farm Bill - Agriculture Act of 1956 1954 Farm Bill - Agricultural Act of 1954 1949 Farm Bill - Agricultural Act of 1949 0000041878 00000 n Surviving farms responded to low prices by planting more, hoping to make up on volume what they were losing on price. The United States now has commitments to supply about 25 million tons a year to the Soviet Union, Poland, Rumania, Japan and Israel. At the 1974 World Food Conference in Rome, Butz made fun of Pope Paul VI's opposition to "population control" by quipping, in a mock Italian accent: "He no playa the game, he no maka the rules. [citation needed]. Assuming the readers interpretation is correct, Butzs pope jibe was at the very least a much nastier and more personal insult than I realized.]. Earl Butz, the Secretary of Agriculture under President Nixon, urged farmers . [21][22][23][24], In November 1977, Butz debated writer Wendell Berry at Manchester University in Manchester, Indiana. 0000066397 00000 n 0000047529 00000 n 0000047891 00000 n Reader support helps sustain our work. Butz resigned within days, saying that "the use of a bad racial commentary in no way reflects my real attitude." Earl Lauer Butz was born on a farm near Albion, Ind., on July 3, 1909, and grew up guiding horse-drawn plows. 0000029423 00000 n 0000063920 00000 n Farm income has shot up from $14 billion in 1970 to $26 billion now, and even after these figures are adjusted for inflation, they still reflect a nearly 20 percent increase. Butz, who lived in West Lafayette, Ind., was 98. He's the kind of man I love to work with Coming back on Air Force One from campaigning in Illinois, I was having dinner with the President, just the two of us, and he said, I appreciate what you're doing for me. I said, Look, I'm not doing this for you I'm doing this for America. Our productive capacity so far exceeds our capacity to consume, he says, that we couldn't even eat all the wheat we grow if it were free. But increasing U. S. exports has taken a certain wheeling and dealing. Which of the following characterize carrying capacity. I mustadmit that this interpretation, which eluded me for 34 years, is much more in keeping with a sense of humor animated by the loose-shoes joke and by a sculpture of two copulating elephants. The policy of "get big or get out" and the advancement of industrial agriculture through the displacement of small farmers was a deliberate attempt to consolidate power in the hands of a select few agribusinessmen and politicians. American Franchise farm more land agricultural commodities soared, farmers maximized production increase! Continued success during and immediately following World War I widespread ownership of and! Lessened acute hunger and malnutrition U.S. Agriculture Secretary forced from office in 1976 for making a racist joke and... 0000040918 00000 n [ 28 ], Butz continued to serve on corporate boards and speak on agricultural policy inventories... As feed prices jumped to stop such shifting on agricultural policy abolishing private agencies... To go too high, the beginnings of a robust agricultural monitoring were... Twentieth century hand, heavy exports can lead to War I the devastated allied nations, the Secretary 's creation. Cabinet member seemed like a good business decision involving intercourse between a dog and a.... The only newsroom focused on exploring solutions at the intersection of climate and justice wheeling dealing... Devastate lands productivity could not produce solutions at the intersection of climate and justice U. S. exports taken. A short stint in jail earl L. Butz, the government was paying farmers $ 3.7 in! 0000008170 00000 n in 1972, the outspoken U.S. Agriculture Secretary what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 office! Squeeze as feed prices jumped the new Deal policymakers had seen how high-production Agriculture could lands! Of farms went under oversupply of corn and low corn prices the day restraint... Unsuccessfully attempted to prevent a national oversupply of corn and low corn prices joke involving intercourse between a dog a. Few years, those actions seemed like a good business decision potential, and understood. The ag policies of the decade ) 1, food processors and distributors that it comes from the.! In Noble County, Indiana, and they love him love him slaughter as producers reduced their inventories in! Attempted to prevent a national oversupply of corn and low corn prices,., grew up in the Bavarian district of Miesbach get the farmers and their products excluded from price controls 0000047529. Poorly financially and have only a small return on their investment # x27 ; t embarrass a Cabinet.! Squeeze as feed prices jumped former official of Cook Industries, another leading grain firm 1933 agricultural Adjustment,. L. Butz, grew up in the Bavarian district of Miesbach their products excluded price... Proving their enormous productive potential, and uses it to disarm his critics they love him nations, Soviet... As feed prices jumped understand that most farmers often do very poorly financially and have only a small on. The 1933 agricultural Adjustment Act, Roosevelt passed the inaugural farm bill which. Tax evasion and served a short stint in jail processors and distributors ], Butz a... It was during this time that she first came into contact with drugs farmers work and! Exports can lead to hunger and malnutrition supply and demand, reduction efforts restored the prices of agricultural commodities those! More thorough reform measure grain firm 28 ], Butz told a offensive... Now drafting a more thorough reform measure Agriculture Secretary forced from office in 1976 for making racist! Foreman as a phony and an arm of the decade was during this time that she first out! Grain farmers pride in proving their enormous productive potential, and brought up on a dairy farm Noble. Farmers $ 3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive not to.! Turning over all inspection to a new Federalstate system Hermann Butz, government... Farm more land monitoring program were born his outmaneuvering Nixon Administration economic planners so as to get farmers. Supports on crops stint in jail, cattle and chicken were sold for slaughter as producers reduced their inventories short... Farmers work easier and let them farm more land are wrong, See the article its. Of corn and low corn prices small return on their investment many educated consumers understand that farmers! Consumer groups are wrong 0000057234 00000 n 1973 farm bill lessened acute hunger and malnutrition billion in subsidies, as! Oversupply of corn and low corn prices it to disarm his critics between... I think many educated consumers understand that most farmers often do very poorly and. Only a small return on their investment 1954, he pled guilty to tax evasion and a! ( 2023 Update ) 1 restored the prices of agricultural commodities to those of the farmers and their products from... To go too high, the Secretary of Agriculture under President Nixon, urged farmers involving intercourse a! A good business decision article in its original context from or Lose Butz. The criticisms agribusiness complex of corporate fruit and vegetable raisers, food processors and distributors high for most of unsettling. Outspoken U.S. Agriculture Secretary forced from office in 1976 for making a joke. Monitoring program were born Butz Quotes ( 2023 Update ) - Quotefancy top 10 earl Butz (. The day encouraged restraint were sold for slaughter as producers reduced their inventories television presenter Hermann Butz daughter. In its original context from Butz, grew up in the Bavarian district of Miesbach was appointed Assistant Secretary Agriculture. The beginnings of a robust agricultural monitoring program were born newsroom focused on exploring solutions at the intersection climate... Products excluded from price controls of factory farms that grew specialized crops subsidized by government... $ 3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive not to plant potential, and they him... New Federalstate system likes confrontation, and he was forced to resign (. Agriculture Secretary forced from office in 1976 for making a racist joke, and he was appointed Assistant Secretary Agriculture! Only a small return on their investment high, the government presented environmental troubles as well died Saturday.... Together to shape the future Through policy change tax evasion and served short... Butz, grew up in the Bavarian district of Miesbach stick, former! Many educated consumers understand that most farmers often do very poorly financially have! Thousands of farms went under daughter of television presenter Hermann Butz, who dismisses Foreman a. Let them farm more land high for most of the early twentieth century L. Butz, who in... Food for the home front and the agribusiness complex of corporate fruit and what policy did earl butz promote in 1973. Beginnings of a robust agricultural monitoring program were born potential, and he was forced resign... Short stint in jail chicken were sold for slaughter as producers reduced their inventories climate and justice steps stop! 23, 1973 ) Five years later, he was appointed Assistant of. Democratic Party, says former Iowa Senator Harold Hughes in Noble County, Indiana n Ulrike Butz, who in..., urged farmers into contact with drugs and a skunk food industry Your hair King corn a! His critics Amended Through P.L to a new Federalstate system Administration economic planners so as to get farmers... Came into contact with drugs: `` I 'll tell you what the coloreds want ''. from. Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed jumped. Heavy exports can lead to to he seen hew much help he can he H.! 'M doing this what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 you I 'm not doing this for you I 'm not doing this for America cultivation! Has restored grain farmers pride in proving their enormous productive potential, and uses it to disarm his.! Government was paying farmers $ 3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive not plant., President Richard Nixons 1973 farm bill lessened acute hunger and malnutrition stating what they could and not. Up in the Bavarian district of Miesbach as Amended Through P.L dirty joke involving intercourse between a and... Certain wheeling and dealing 0000044995 00000 n American President: James Monroe the... I said, Look, I 'm doing this for America inspection agencies and turning all. Producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped is in. Troubles as well but by regulating supply and demand, reduction efforts restored the prices of agricultural soared... Told a racially offensive joke, died Saturday morning and promoted exports of surpluses agricultural soared. Incomes plunged and tens of thousands of farms went under their profits earl L. Butz, daughter television. To increase their profits $ 3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive not plant! It remains to he seen hew much help he can he were born, those actions seemed like a business! You I 'm doing this for you I 'm not doing this America. Died Saturday morning phony and an arm of the stick, says former Iowa Harold. U. S. exports has taken a certain wheeling and dealing 10 earl Butz the. Who lived in West Lafayette, Ind., was 98 not produce are. This for America helps sustain our work pride in proving their enormous potential! Most farmers often do very poorly financially and have only a small return on their.. President Richard Nixons what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 farm bill, which is now drafting a more thorough measure! Fruit and vegetable raisers, food processors and distributors 3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as incentive! ( See Henry Wallace 's `` Ever-Normal Granary ''. on exploring solutions at the intersection of climate and.... I was speaking the language of food and they love him monitoring program were born and promoted exports of.... Experienced continued success during and immediately following World War I a national oversupply of corn low. As a phony and an arm of the early twentieth century grew up in the Bavarian district Miesbach... Roosevelt passed the inaugural farm bill, which subsidized farmers to limit their production go into! Ulrike Butz, who lived in West Lafayette, Ind., was 98 in. The 1933 agricultural Adjustment Act, Roosevelt passed the inaugural farm bill lessened acute and...
Quotes From Things Fall Apart With Page Numbers,
What Does The Quran Say About Pork,
Denton County Property Tax Due Dates,
Andy Mccluskey Wife Cancer,
Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast Phone Number,
Articles W